Charismatic Leadership

Charismatic Leadership Abstract What is Leadership? Today it is important to understanding various leadership styles and the truth behind them due to diversification in the workforce. Different styles enable one to fairly deal with developments in any discipline of management or leadership. The style of leadership is a main concern over employees’ performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charismatic Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leadership is the ability to steer off activities of a team to success. There is need to explore various theories and applications utilized in leading diverse groups of personnel especially different age groups. The application includes the characteristics or models used for measuring leadership styles and strategies. This paper forms a significant over-view of the assumption that charismatic leadership is a transformational way of modernizing intellectual governance. It also forms an analy sis of the claim that the charismatic leaders are inspirational and transforms their group members for better performances. What are the challenges facing the charismatic leaders? Does failure to establish leadership qualities cause failure of missions? The paper forms an analysis of the aspects that forms, energize or transforms leaders with a close reference to charismatic style of leadership. Recognizing leadership Leadership is guidance or assistance procedures mainly concern with the way people create rapport, communicate and live by the significances for life (Hargreaves, 2003). According to Hargreaves (2003), for a leadership style to be effective, it is imperative to practice some key governance values. The process of leadership in an organization is considerably complex due to the high expectations placed by people regarding their different needs, synergy or energy levels, expectations, experiences, and technological advancements among other aspects. The group differences b ring about diverse aspects, thus placing very high expectations and challenges to a leadership style. Arguably, the leadership style has a reciprocating nature; whereby the leader has needs, and the followers have their own different requirements with the expectation that each party meets the other’s needs. In most instances, the leadership style fails because these needs lack measurable elements or factors to meet expectations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overview of charismatic Leadership According to Northhouse (2009), a charismatic leader has a strong commitment to an exceptional style of leaving such as enhancing sacredness. This person is a hero because of the excellent and recommendable character that she/he portrays. The leader has a personal characteristic or leadership qualities of ‘charisma,’ that easily differentiates her/him fro m others. This persona trait bequeaths the leader some unique treatment or perception comparable to the treatment accorded to the superhuman or supernatural beings. The leader gives an impression of existence of some exceptional qualities or powers that are inaccessible by the ordinary human beings (Clark, 2008). The individual therefore enjoys a treatment of a heroic status as a leader because of the exemplary regards due to the special qualities. Ultimate judgment over the existence of these charismatic qualities in a person lacks proverbial proof from an ethical or aesthetic point of view, and therefore is naturally indifferent. In relation to Clark (2008), logically, charismatic leadership entails ability to extract or break down complex ideas to smaller units that are easier for others to understand. This is a remarkable ability to illustrate complexity using symbols, images, stories, metaphors or analogies. The leadership style also entails the ability to appreciate existence of challenges and risks and therefore such a leader is always eager to engage some disputes. Optimism is equally a trait of a charismatic leader because she/he is constantly ready to combat conventions, because they always engage a distinctive idiosyncratic nature. Although without a guarantee for correctness or success, the charismatic leaders have unique guidance qualities to inspire people’s trust, believes and faith (Daft and Marcic, 2008). The leaders are the companies’ or organization’s heroines/heroes, because of the ability to coordinate change, engage new implementations, inspire renewals and gunner extraordinary performances from other organizational members. Various attributes link the charismatic leadership style to the transformational way of governance such as, sensitivity to the group members or the environment, ability to take risks and capability to perceive and articulate outcomes. Consistent with Heifetz’s writing (2004), the main diffe rence between the two types of leadership falls upon focus.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charismatic Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The transformational leaders focus on changing the organizations or the leaders, while the charismatic leader has a focus on commitment and devotion both to the persona values as well as those of the group members without the need of changing anything. Charismatic leader’s goals depend on motivation and leader’s vision. They are concern of others but the main concern first falls on their needs. Their personal values are very significant and of good intentions, hence elevated to the entire company or organization later. Historical background of charismatic leadership Initially there were three types of leadership styles also accorded the term dominations, classes or authority due to the differences in social perceptions. First, the charismatic leadership sty le had a basis on the family or the religious setting. The feudal or the common traditional system of leadership entailed patriarchic nature while thirdly is the bureaucratic or legal type of leadership that mainly dealt with modernized law that supports democratic system of bureaucracy. Charismatic nature of governance comes out strongly because of the defined nature of dominance, strong desire to form influences, strong sense over the importance of moral values and self-confidence (Northhouse, 2009). The charismatic leadership also portrays some unique attributes that makes it different from other leadership styles such as the ability to articulate vision for a firm, being sensitive to the world’s nature especially the environment and people’s needs, ability to take risks and engagement of some activists related behaviours. Application of charismatic leadership According to (Yukl, 2006) today people have accorded the charismatic type of leadership a characteristic of exaggeration because of the impression the management process enacts on performance expectations. Arguably, Adolf Hitler as well as Mahatma Gandhi could reasonably qualify as charismatic leaders, but today the administrative process considers a charismatic leader as one who fills the environment with energy and positive reinforcements without the need to learn the transaction behind such performances. The inspiration to others therefore disqualifies the negative corroborations by some leaders (Yukl, 2006). The leader inspires others positively by encouraging them to follow the footsteps, while others work in the aim of inspiring the charismatic leader. There is inspiration to work smarter in the aim of acquiring success.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Management is one of the most important applications of charismatic leadership especially during the difficult circumstances, when the firm or organization is in need of major changes. The charismatic leaders develop excellent solutions during the crisis management situations (Yukl, 2006). Representation for charismatic leadership The leader ought to have an engagement to continual assessment procedure in the line of duty and have mechanisms to assist in formulation of visions. Secondly is the ability to communicate the formulated visions or organization’s goals. This requires the leaders to have motivational and good persuasive arguments. Thirdly is the need for an ability to build subordinate trust through enhanced commitment. The staff must have the desire to support the goals set out by the leader. There is call for more than just compulsive administration, thus the leader has to enhance transparency and show the viability of the goals through taking risks and enhanced se lf-sacrifice without conservative expertise. Lastly, the leader has to focus on achievement of the set objectives or vision by ensuring perceptible aspects of good role models, empowerment and expertise tactics among the subordinates (Yukl, 2006). Strengths of the charismatic leadership style The results of the endeavours are relatively strong with unchallenged intensity over subordinate obedience to their leader. During the difficult times and experiences, the style is more useful because of the ability to provide ample turnaround point. It is possible to consider the system as extremely effective due to the possibility of a right vision of the leader or other rhetorical capabilities. The system that engages the charismatic leadership style brings in an energetic nature, clear vision and commendable perspective. Benefits of charismatic leadership The charismatic leadership style is more useful during the short-term projects because they are worth the risk of involving a leader. Suc h projects probably requires strong energy and talented leaders thus the need for a charismatic leader. In line with (Yukl, 2006), the charismatic traits are special but a leader can acquire most of the traits such as self-confidence or communication skills that involves effective vocabulary. Confidence is transferable from the leader to the subordinate. Limitations of charismatic leadership When the system is made of very strong levels of administrations lacking proper delegation, there is a tendency of gathering a workgroup made of weak people. Secondly, it is very rare to find leaders who have these charismatic skills and attributes. The rare situation of existence of the special cases may be the root cause of narcissism aspects such as insensitivity to others and lack of reality on the undertakings. When a leader lacks some conflicting point of views within the group setting, they lack accountability. The charisma value enables them to develop good intentions on others in the ai m of achieving transformation in the company; bad intentions can however deceive others. The unpredictability of the leaders makes the charismatic system of leadership potentially precarious. Group members under the charismatic leadership style, view success in a close relation to the leader thus end up depending fully on the leader. Lastly, the leader is the main catalyst on the development of the group thus a sudden step down is likely to bring down the group or cause loss of enthusiasm. Conclusion Charismatic leadership involves grace and appeals in the aim of bring together followers. Leaders need self believe others to admire their personality. The style of charismatic leadership involves attraction of the subordinate support through impression of personality and charm as opposed to power and external influences. There trait to improve the feeling of appreciation among the group members becomes one of the main aim of a charismatic leader because they pay attention to the enviro nment, in the aim of picking up the moods and individual’s concerns within a large audience. Management of the image is of grate concern to these leaders. Self sacrifice and risking enhances trust and development of personal skills. Persuasion and use of body as well as verbal language such as use of symbolism and metaphors is equally important to enhance the desired effect. Today the political, religious and cult leaders mimic the charismatic styles of governance in the aim of gathering large number of followers. This is an indicative that one is able to increase charismatic skills through acquisition and practice. Formation of a very distinct and clear group among others enables charismatic leaders to enhance their image. References Clark, D. R. (2008, August 21). Leadership style. [online] Journal of Social Psychology, pp. 221-228. Available at http://nwlink.com/~Donclark/leader/leadstl.html Daft, R.L. and Marcic, D. (2008) Understanding Management. Cengage Learning, Harg reaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the Knowledge Society. New York, NY: Teachers’ College Publishes. Print Heifetz R A. (2004). Leadership without Easy Answers. London, UK: Harvard University Press. Print Northhouse, P. G. (2009). Leadership: Theory and Practice. London, UK: SAGE Publication press. Print Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in Organizations. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Publishers. Print

The problems with forensic procedure that are arising with the DVI Dissertation

The problems with forensic procedure that are arising with the DVI manual in mass graves during interrnaional disaster in the v - Dissertation Example The proposed study has the main objective of finding out whether conducting the job of identification of victim of natural or manmade disasters on foreign soil in accordance with DVI manual are helpful. In other words to say, the proposed to will try to examine whether the protocol of DVI proposed by Interpol is a perfect answer to victim identification in case of disasters of international nature. For the purpose of the study, the proposed research has a goal of focusing on a various problems and challenges that forensic experts face at the time of victim identification. It would really be interesting to find out whether the problems can be attributable to DVI protocol. In other words to say, it would really interesting to find out whether DVI protocol actually helps forensic experts in their process of victim identification or makes the process more challenging. If it is found that DVI protocol is actually helpful to the forensic experts in the process of victim identification, the n it can be said that DVI protocol is a perfect answer to identification of victims of disasters. The proposed research will take into account a natural as well as a man-made disaster. For examining the efficiency of DVI in victim identification in case of a natural disaster identification work in Thailand in post-tsunami phase will be considered, while for man-made disaster, identification work during war of former Yugoslavia in 1991 will be taken in account. Having these overall research objectives for the study, the specific research aims for the proposed study can be as follows: To evaluate the efficiency of DVI guidelines in conducting successful and effective identification of victims of Tsunami in Thailand. To examine whether DVI manual was actually helpful or an obstacle in conducting the job of victim identification effectively in case of former Yugoslavia war that killed innumerable people. How the shortcomings of DVI, is any, in conducting identification of victims can be resolved? Outline and Organization of Topic Brief overview of the field: Interpol has proposed guidelines in the DVI manual for use by the member nations of Interpol Member in case of identifying victims of any disaster. This DVI guide is extremely useful for those member countries of Interpol that do not possess their own team for identification of victim in disasters or no not have any prior experience in confronting such huge and complicated operational situation by setting up a DVI team and making it functional. It offers vital supplemental information as well to those member countries which have built their own DVI teams. (INTERPOL, 2009) The most essential prerequisite in case of victim identification effort is the implementation of global standards that could serve as some common basis for the activities in case of DVI operations with multinational character. (INTERPOL, 2009) All measures of victim identifications are generally structured in such a way that they can produce results in the form of accurate positive victim identification. In case of victim identification in international disasters, the victim identification standard employed must be of the highest quality. Besides, it is extremely vital to offer proper respond to the need of relatives need within the shortest possible time. Victims are required to be handled with dignity and proper reverence. DVI teams generally conduct their activities in an

LEAN Principles Implemntation in Practice Essay

LEAN Principles Implemntation in Practice - Essay Example One of these methods is the Lean system, which was developed in Japan by Toyota automobile company to help improve its efficiency. Integration of the lean principles in a company’s operations is considered one of the potential approaches for improvement of organizational performance. The principles have been credited with improving manufacturing effectiveness in a number of Japanese companies but Toyota is still unrivalled in its application of Lean through its Toyota Production System (TPS). Many companies have learnt about Lean production principles both theoretically and practically from Toyota but many still face problems implementing Lean in their companies (Spear & Bowen, 1999). This paper explores the process of Lean implementation through all organization levels with the aim of improving performance. The paper starts by examining Lean principles and how they are applied in improvement of operations before discussing the implementation of the process in a construction company. While discussing the implementation of the model in the company, challenges that may be faced in the process will be highlighted as well as the limitation of the Lean approach in the construction industry. The paper proposes a potential perspective of the Lean approach that can be considered by managers in the construction industry for sustainable performance of companies. The Lean model of operations management first originated with Henry Ford when he developed a manufacturing concept that involved a continuous assembly line with workers playing specific roles in the process (Holweg, 2007). This was the first mass production approach in the automobile manufacture industry and it was aimed at improving efficiency as well as reducing fatigue of workers by letting them work on simpler repetitive tasks which they could master and become proficient in.

J.S.Mills One Very Simple Principle: An Analysis

J.S.Mills One Very Simple Principle: An Analysis How simple is J.S.Mills one very simple principle? In and of itself, the principle is entirely simple – it takes barely a line to be stated, and is easily understood. â€Å"The sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection† (Mill,1869: pg 9). He goes on to explain exactly what he means, but that single line encapsulates the principle itself, without requiring additional clarification. Subsequent lines do not in any way contradict this statement, they merely emphasise. The principle by itself being simple, however, does not mean that its implications and ramifications are so straightforward; it may seem clear, but logical absurdities can be found – can paternalistic interference be justified when, for example, the member of mankind has no knowledge of how dangerous his activities are? The classic example is that of the bridge, which appears to be intact, but will collapse if a man steps on it. A direct an d literal reading of Mill’s principle would forbid anyone from interfering when a man unknowingly took a step onto this bridge – such an interpretation would not, however, be fair either to Mill or to the unfortunately ill-informed member of society. The principle is therefore simple to state, but not so simple to understand. It has its subtleties, and must be considered, rather than straightforwardly accepted. Before continuing, it is important to note what it is Mill is meaning with the word ‘freedom’ – referring to it without an accepted definition would at best be confusing, and far worse could potentially lead to a highly misleading understanding. Mill’s use of the word is value free. That is not to say that he has no morals, merely that when he writes, ‘freedom’ is not judged. It consists merely of the ability to act following one’s own desires. If one can follow these desires, one is free. If one cannot, he is not. There is no further weighting given to whatever those actions may be, whether they are buying a newspaper or committing murder – all that matters when it comes to ‘freedom’ is whether or not a person with the desire to carry out an action is permitted to do so (Scanlan, 1958: pg 198). Mill’s writings were concerned with power over the individual, but not merely with the legislative power of the state; he was deeply concerned with the moral force that society was capable of exercising over the individual. It was not merely the capacity of an over powerful government or monarch about which he wrote. The capacity for the tyranny of the majority over the individual also concerned him deeply. For this reason it is perhaps surprising that he installed caveats immediately after his principle; a man’s own good was a valid reason â€Å"for remonstrating with him, or reasoning, or persuading, or entreating† (Mill: pg 9). This level of input that Mill considered acceptable under such circumstances perhaps goes a long way towards mitigating the lack of any compulsive interference that he was willing to accept – in his eyes, a sufficiently great force of remonstration represented an almost compulsive effect due to societal forces, against which he f requently railed. Even though his principle would ban any actual compulsion, consideration of Mill’s normal arguing position reveals that he was prepared to permit events in the interests of protective paternalism which he typically considered to be undue influence over others. The interplay between state, society and the individual is a leitmotif of Mill’s writings, and merely because the theory he states forbids the state from carrying out an act does not mean that he does not feel it should be permitted; indeed, in this scenario when not only does he not forbid societal interaction, but positively encourages intervention of a kind suggests that he was willing to allow society to attempt to morally force people down a route which was less harmful to the individual concerned. The principle itself remains simple, but the context in which it is framed is significantly more complex. Joel Feinberg concludes that the state has a right to prevent self-regarding harmful conduct only when it is substantially non voluntary or when temporary intervention is necessary to establish whether it is voluntary or not. (quoted in Arneson, 1980: pg 470). In the example of the bridge referenced earlier, an ill informed member of the public stepping on a bridge which would collapse under their weight could not be said to be acting voluntarily; the state would be well within its rights in such a scenario under Mill’s logic to station a guard patrolling the area, to leap in and tackle such ill-informed people, stopping them from involuntarily taking the fatal step. If, however, they are running towards the bridge and shouting about how they know it will kill them, his logic would forbid the guard from taking any direct action. Whatever we feel about this compulsion to allow people to harm themselves if they so choose, it is a basic tenet of liberalism, that people know what the best for themselves is, and that interfering in their desire to pursue their own good in their own way is intrinsically wrong. This can, however, be harder to test than it would originally appear; what if the person is, for example, mentally ill? Indeed, if a person wishes to take an act which can obviously further their good but contains in it some degree of harm, or pain, we can easily understand both why a person, or state, would want to interfere and why they should be prevented from doing so. Yet if a person states that they wish to follow a course of action that will bring them no obvious benefit, and yet will clearly generate a great deal of harm, at what point should the state step in to take action? Is a mental assessment to determine their sanity unjust interference? After all, if a person is mentally unstable, surely they cannot truly be said to be acting of their own free will. Informed consent means more than merely knowing what the risks are, it means understanding what the consequences mean. Furthermore, Mill’s principle divides matters crucially into two areas: the personal and the public. Even if all the questions relating to the private are answered satisfactorily, the questions relating to public actions are somewhat greater: when a man acts, it will typically affect others, however mildly. If the impact of these effects is to infringe upon the rights or happiness of others, then the state and the people are justified, under Mill’s logic, in interfering with their actions. So what about the guard on the bridge – compelled to allow the suicidal to continue running, and then forced to witness their deaths? Could it be said that in order to prevent this mental anguish, the runner should be prevented from acting? Mill gives great consideration to various potential actions later in On Liberty, showing how his simple principle can be interpreted and used. The guard can of course turn away, and in Mill’s time such considerations would not have be en given much thought, so long before modern ideas about mental health. It is a question that would have been interesting to see Mill’s actual argument, but we must make do with merely applying his principle in order to find his likely answer ourselves. It is unlikely he would have wishes it to have an impact on the consideration of the action – after all, if it did then any serious act could be prevented simply by placing somebody there who would be injured by watching it. It is highly unlikely he would have even momentarily entertained this massive curtailment of individual liberty. There is not necessarily any need to over-think Mill’s principle by inventing wild circumstances and asking whether or not his decisions would still apply. Mill’s â€Å"one very simple principle† is, at the point of statement, very simple indeed; the only circumstances in which mankind may interfere in the liberty of another is in the interest of protecting harm to others. No action may be taken solely due to the apparent interests of the person whose liberty would be interfered with. This ban on paternalism assumes a high degree of freedom and responsibility, and more than that, in order to be applied simply it seems to assume a very high degree of knowledge, and to discount the possibility of mental illness at least that which cannot easily be tested. Feinberg attempts to account for this with his assertion that actions may be interfered with when a person is not acting voluntarily, or when it is not clear that they are acting voluntarily, and this is an appealing idea; when the hypothetical person is heading for the equally hypothetical damaged bridge, failure to ascertain whether or not they know that stepping on it w ill lead to death cannot be rectified after the fact. Interfering in their liberty whilst those checks are made may be odious, but it is merely temporary, and need not be seen as an infringement of Mill’s principle. Overall, the principle itself is indeed very simple; it is merely application in certain fringe circumstances which has any need to become anything to the contrary. References John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 4th Ed. Longman, Roberts Green, London, 1869 Richard J. Arneson, Mill versus Paternalism, in Ethics, Vol. 90, No. 4. (Jul., 1980), pp. 470-489. James Bogen; Daniel M. FarrelL, Freedom and Happiness in Mills Defence of Liberty in The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 113. (Oct., 1978), pp. 325-338. Clark W. Bouton, John Stuart Mill: On Liberty and History in The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3. (Sep., 1965), pp. 569-578. D. G. Brown, Mill on Liberty and Morality in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 81, No. 2. (Apr., 1972), pp. 133-158. Robert W. Hoag, Happiness and Freedom: Recent Work on John Stuart Mill in Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 2. (Spring, 1986), pp. 188-199. David Lyons, Human Rights and the General Welfare in Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 6, No. 2. (Winter, 1977), pp. 113-129. James P. Scanlan, J. S. Mill and the Definition of Freedom in Ethics, Vol. 68, No. 3. (Apr., 1958), pp. 194-206. J. Salwyn Schapiro, John Stuart Mill, Pioneer of Democratic Liberalism in England in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 4, No. 2. (Apr., 1943), pp. 127-160. C. L. Ten, Mill and Liberty in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 30, No. 1. (Jan. Mar., 1969), pp. 47-68.

Education in the United States Essay

Education is one of the most significant events in someone’s social life, yet a controversy. Many would think how is education a controversy; well a problem that concerns many parents would be their child’s low testing scores and behavioral problems. This results in the American education system failing to educate students with efficient knowledge to succeed in college or in the work force. While people are finding the solution of changing the education system by using the Asian model, others believe in keeping the American model by adjusting it to make it useful. Even though they both have their advantages and disadvantages the best education system for the United States would be the Asian model. The United States fundamental instruction is to see every child in school and do their best in all subjects. According to William S. Robinson, â€Å"New Math-Science Study Rates U.S Students Mediocre At Best†, American eighth-graders scored better than 17 nations in math and 18 nations in science. This concludes that students were making progress in their class subjects making the United States above all nations. Indeed the United States method has worked, but not helped students obtain knowledge for college or any other form of education. The United States has failed in teachers presenting poor teaching skills to students. For example, American teachers try to cover as much information as possible on a certain subject, as stated by Robinson’s article. Students gather so much information that as a result they do not understand half of what is being taught. After plenty of information is being accumulated, children are left confused and left unknown. The Asian educational method provides students with rigorous essentials of teaching. For example, one way they have students motivated is by exceling in modern technology, found in James Fallows, †Strengths, Weaknesses, and Lessons of Japanese Education†. Students get to engage in a way they never  have before putting their mind into a process of thought and imagination. The flaw on the Asian method is how they have an excessive pressure on students. The pressure includes staying extra hours after school learning more curriculums, complete coursework with excellence, and get into a prestigious university. The number one focus for these kids is to study until they achieve their goal. To make progress in the United States the education system needs to be taken to a different level. By making this happen the United States should reinforce the Asian model of the education system. One Asian method that can be applied is stressing on students on how effort is the explanation of achievement. According to Barbara Vobejda, â€Å" Why are U.S Kids Poor In Math?† implies how Americans see lack of improvement in a subject because they are not good. Whereas Asian mothers sit down one on one helping their child with certain equations. They expect their child to have everything done perfectly, no errors or smudges. This helps improve the performance of the student and helps the student grasp the information at an easy pace. Even though they have a lot of pressure they manage to accomplish their goals and aspirations. By changing the education system students will produce well-built math skills, excellence in language arts, and creativeness in fine arts. The United States education system needs to be changed in a way where students will excel in their learning. The change will benefit millions of children during their academic learning experience and make them successful. The solution is implying Asian methods, making the United States education system stronger. The United States will create stability in schools, excellent test scores, and performances at schools will rise.

Found Dog Flyer Essay

According 2013 IPCC Status Report on Climate Change, climate change is occurring due to global warming. Observational evidence is coming back from all continents and most oceans, And it shows that many natural systems are being affected by regional climate changes particularly temperature increases. There is much scientific data backing the (intergovernmental panel on climate change) with conclusions and facts, based on changes in weather patterns (increasing temperatures, changes in snow and ice including, permafrost) also according to findings there is a high confidence that natural water systems, are also affected including, enlargement and increased numbers of glacial lakes, settlements in mountain regions are at high risk of outburst floods caused by melting glaciers. Governmental institutions in some areas are responding to the problems caused by global climate changes by building drainage networks and dams. The climate changes also lead to increasing volatility in storms and wild fires, droughts, and reduced energy demand’s and increasing sea levels. The aspects of climate change we are certain of are as follows, increased water availability in moist tropics and high latitudes, and decreasing water availability and increasing drought in mid-latitudes and semi-arid low latitudes, hundreds of millions of people exposed to increased water stress causing localized negative impacts on small business and coastal areas, and increased damage from floods and storms, and leading to erosion in coastal areas in addition based on satellite observations since the early 1980s there is high confidence that there has been a trend in many regions towards earlier â€Å"greening† ( measured by the normalized difference vegetation index) Of vegetation in the spring linked to longer thermal growing seasons due to recent warming. About which we are uncertain is many of the long term effects of climate change. The main factors determining climate change are carbon dioxide and pH levels in the environment, and are mainly a result of human activity with factors  such as carbon emissions. The report states phenomenon and directions of trends and, passes assumptions based on past trends are believed to wide spread effects on water systems but not limited to in addition to food and water shortages, increased death food and water borne diseases and wide spread erosion. Many assumptions are made based solely on passed trends I feel some of are inconclusive due to the lack of data in the report to support. And in conclusion This is my first time in a college class like this and everything is new to me and I need a lot more research to draw any more conclusions, and I am uncertain of information that is missing to support more of the causes.

Essay about Josephine Baker - 2425 Words

Josephine Baker While Jim Crow laws were reeking havoc on the lives of African Americans in the South, a massed exodus of Southern musicians, particularly from New Orleans, spread the seeds of Jazz as far north as New York City. A new genre of music produced fissures in the walls of racial discrimination thought to be impenetrable. Musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, King Oliver and Fletcher Henderson performed to the first desegregated audiences. Duke Ellington starred in the first primetime radio program to feature an African American artist. And a quirky little girl from Missouri conquered an entire country enthralled by her dark skin, curvaceous body and dynamic personality. Josephine Baker was more than†¦show more content†¦While still in elementary school, she began dancing part-time in a local chorus line. She left home at the age of 13; waiting tables most of the time and working on stage whenever possible. She joined a group of street musicians who called thems elves the Jones Family Band. The work with the Band paid off when Baker acquired her first stage appearance at the Booker T. Washington Theater, St. Louiss black vaudeville house. Also appearing was the all-black dance troupe, the Dixie Steppers. The manager of the Dixie Steppers took a liking to Baker and decided to make her part of the group. Since he couldnt find anything for her to do onstage, she became a dresser, principally for the troupes star, Clara Baker.# By 1920, she was married, divorced and married again - the second time to Willie Baker, a Pullman porter, from whom Baker took the name she used on stage. In April 1921, while the Dixie Steppers were touring in Philadelphia, one of the chorus girls hurt herself. For nearly a year, Ms. Baker had been studying the choreography of the show and practicing the steps behind the scenes. Another dancer was aware of Bakers abilities and suggested she fill in for the injured chorus girl. Ms. Baker took her place in the c horus line. Because she was much more lively and animated, she stood out from the rest of the ladies, which, obviously, is not the point of a chorus line. When the lyricist/composer team of Nobel SissleShow MoreRelated The Josephine Baker Story Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine Carson in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 3, 1906 to washerwoman, Carrie McDonald, and vaudeville drummer, Eddie Carson. Josephines father abandoned them shortly after her birth and her mother married a kind but perpetually unemployed man named Arthur Martin. Their family came to include a son and two more daughters. Josephine grew up cleaning houses and babysitting for wealthy white families until she got a job waitressing at The Old Chauffeurs Club whenRead MoreEssay about A Biography of Josephine Baker726 Words   |  3 PagesA Biography of Josephine Baker Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine MacDonald in St. Louis, Missouri to her unwed parents: Carrie McDonald and Eddie Carson. Her father soon left the family and Josephine had to help her mother support herself and her three younger half-siblings. At age eight, she got a job working as a maid for a white family (Robinson). At age 12, she had dropped out of school to work. By age 14, she had moved out, been married, and separated from her first husband.Read More Josephine Baker: A Breakthrough Starlet of the 1920s599 Words   |  2 Pagesstarlet of the 1920s was and they will all say the beautiful and talented Josephine Baker. Josephine was known by many names, Freda Josephine McDonald her birth name, Josephine Baker her stage name, as well as â€Å"Black Venus†, â€Å"Black Pearl† and Creole Goddess (Louck The Official Josephine Baker Website). No matter whom Josephine was known as this does not distinguish the amount of work succeeded by Baker. Josephine Bake r was an African American who broke free from racial offense by playing an importantRead More Josephine Bakers Monologue Essays664 Words   |  3 PagesJosephine Bakers Monologue I’m Freda Josephine Baker born to Carrie McDonald and Eddie Carson on June 3rd, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri, but most of you may know me as Josephine Baker. At the age of 12 I dropped out of school to become an entertainer, yes yes, I remember it like it was yesterday, I was young and ready to become a star. I grew up cleaning houses and babysitting for white families, and they always reminded me â€Å"be sure not to kiss the baby†. When I was 13, I got a waitressingRead MoreHarlem, New York552 Words   |  2 PagesOne sensational woman stood out among the rest, her name was Josephine Baker. She took a stand and fought for what she believed in, she was a strong and passionate women and she never let anyone get in the way of the things she loved to do. No matter how risquà © or dangerous it may have been. On June 3rd, 1906 Freda Josephine McDonald was born to a washerwoman, Carrie McDonald and a Vanderville drummer Eddie Carson. Shortly after Josephine was born her Father abandoned their family and her Mother remarriedRead MoreWomen s Suffrage For Josephine Baker By Adolf Loos1133 Words   |  5 PagesHow are women represented in House for Josephine Baker by Adolf Loos? Introduction Feminism and the women s right movement occurs in waves. Women’s awareness of their plight as second class citizens began first with first-wave feminism. This began with women’s fight for the right to vote in 1867 in the UK and the right was won in 1918. This is known as the Suffragette movement. Second-wave feminism was characterised by the women’s right to their bodies like reproductive rights and the legislationRead MoreAnalysis Of Josephine Baker, An Iconic African American Dancer, Singer, Actress And Civil Rights Activist1030 Words   |  5 PagesJosephine Baker was an iconic African-American dancer, singer, actress and civil rights activist. Her rise to fame included her erotic dancing, her comedic expressions and her risquà © sense of style. She was well known for her â€Å"Danse Sauvage† and her most famous â€Å"Banana skirt dance†. She was a unique artist that differed from the rest. With that being said, I would like to focus the main a spect of this paper on her originality of tackling racial stereotypes through performing, her unique sense ofRead MoreWomen, Cultural Appropriation, Racial And Gender Differences, And African Americans Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesclass, I wanted to take my research further. I decided to research female foreign performers who have had a major influence on the Jazz Age in Paris. I decided to focus specifically on three foreign females, and they are: singer and dancer Josephine Baker, dancer Molly Spotted Elk, and dancer Ada â€Å"Bricktop† Smith. Each of these female performers had a large impact on taking the Jazz Age in Paris to another level. African Americans were responsible for bringing jazz music to Europe. Due to theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance, By Gwendolyn Bennett, Walter White, And Palmer Hayden1444 Words   |  6 PagesGwendolyn Bennett, Josephine Baker, Walter White, and Palmer Hayden are some of the many people who influenced the Harlem Renaissance that are idols to those around them, excellent at what they do, and influenced many people to believe that they could do anything they put their heart into. The Harlem Renaissance, was part of the larger New Negro cultural and intelligent movement of the 1920s, remains one of the most studied and popular periods of American and African American literary and culturalRead MoreEssay on Hip Hop Dance979 Words   |  4 Pageshtm. Josephine Baker Biography. Bio.com. AE Networks Television, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/josephine-baker-9195959?page=2. Josephine Baker: The Activist Entertainer. Perf. Josephine Baker. Josephine Baker: The Activist Entertainer. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2014. http://www.biography.com/people/josephine-baker-9195959/videos/josephine-baker-the-activist-entertainer-13827651674. The Official Josephine Baker Website. The Official Josephine Baker Website.